World Lupus Day: Doctor explains reasons for higher prevalence of the disease among women

Lupus is a disease in which the body’s immune system attacks and damages its own cells and tissues. Affecting about five in a lakh people, this form of arthritis is formally known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The term `lupus' is derived from Latin, meaning `wolf.' The disease is named after the characteristic red rashes that appear on both cheeks, resembling a wolf bite. This distinctive facial rash, commonly called a `butterfly rash,' is also one of its hallmark symptoms.

Although it is most commonly seen in women between the ages of 15 and 45, lupus can affect people of any age. Beyond the joints, it may also affect the skin, blood, kidneys, lungs, liver and heart.

Symptoms of Lupus
Hair loss, mouth ulcers, skin rashes, swelling, unexplained fever, body pain, breathlessness, and persistent fatigue are among the key symptoms of lupus. If left untreated, the condition can become life-threatening.

There is no single definitive cause of lupus. However, genetic factors and infections are known to increase the risk. Excessive sunlight exposure can also aggravate the condition. According to Dr Vishad Vishwanath, Secretary of the Indian Rheumatology Association, Kerala Chapter, factors such as chromosomal makeup and the presence of estrogen contribute to the higher prevalence of lupus among women.

No cause for fear
Lupus cannot be completely cured. But if detected early and treated properly, it can be effectively controlled, allowing a normal life. There is a common misconception that lupus patients cannot lead a family life. Open communication with a partner about the condition is important. By keeping the disease under control through proper specialist treatment, most patients can conceive and have a safe pregnancy and childbirth. Lupus is not a contagious disease. Avoid excessive sunlight exposure and maintain a disciplined lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and regular exercise.