Infection in cats can spread to humans: Doctor's tips for safety

Welcoming pets into our homes brings immense joy, and for many, cats are cherished just like family members. However, as pet parents, it is crucial to remain vigilant about their health. One common skin condition in felines that requires attention is dermatophytosis, widely known as ringworm. Despite its deceptive name, ringworm is not caused by a worm but by a highly contagious fungus. It can affect cats, dogs and even humans. The good news is that with prompt detection and proper treatment, it is completely curable. Dr Abhijith SP, founder of 'Edu Vet' platform, explains. 

How do cats contract ringworm?
The infection is primarily caused by a specialised fungus called Microsporum canis, which thrives on the skin and hair of animals. Cats can easily catch this fungus through direct contact with an infected animal or by touching contaminated objects such as bedding, blankets, grooming brushes, toys and carpets. Stray cats, young kittens, immunocompromised felines and long-haired breeds like Persian cats are particularly vulnerable to this infection.

Identifying the symptoms in your cat
In many cases, the infection first manifests as small, circular patches of hair loss. Other common signs to watch out for include:
• Circular bald patches
• Scaly or crusty skin
• Dandruff-like flakes on the coat
• Brittle or broken hair
• Mild lesions on the ears, face and paws
• Occasional mild itching

Not all infected cats show obvious symptoms. Some cats can act as asymptomatic carriers, spreading the fungal spores silently throughout the household without displaying any discomfort.

Can it spread to humans?
Yes, ringworm is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can readily jump from animals to humans. Family members who cuddle, bathe or groom an infected cat are at high risk. Children, elderly individuals, pregnant women and those with compromised immune systems need to be exceptionally careful when handling an infected pet.

Spotting ringworm in humans
In humans, the infection typically appears as raised, red, circular patches on the skin that are highly itchy and scaly. If the fungus infects the scalp, it can cause temporary hair loss. If you notice any of these symptoms after handling your pet, avoid self-medicating and consult a medical doctor immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment and preventative care
If your vet diagnoses your cat with ringworm, there is no need to panic. Excellent treatments are available. Depending on the severity, a veterinarian may prescribe topical ointments, medicated shampoos, or oral antifungal medications. This treatment usually needs to be continued for several weeks. Stopping the medication prematurely because the symptoms have improved can lead to a relapse.

Since fungal spores can survive in the environment for months, maintaining home hygiene is vital:
• Wash your cat’s bedding and blankets regularly.
• Thoroughly vacuum carpets and clean your living spaces.
• Disinfect grooming tools after every use.
• Temporarily isolate the infected cat from other household pets to prevent transmission.
• Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling your pet.

Dispelling the myths
A common misconception is that an infected cat must be permanently removed from the home. This is scientifically unfounded and unnecessarily harsh. Ringworm is entirely curable with proper veterinary care. Abandoning a pet in its time of need is never the answer; instead, timely treatment and strict hygiene measures will resolve the issue safely.

A message to remember
Caring for your pet’s health is as important as showering them with love. While dermatophytosis is not life-threatening, ignoring it can lead to it spreading across your entire family. With awareness, vigilance and timely medical care, you can easily manage and cure this fungal infection, ensuring a healthy and happy home for both you and your feline companion.