Thyroid issues: What foods to include in your diet or avoid?

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce sufficient thyroid hormones. This can lead to symptoms such as menstrual problems, obesity, infertility, hair loss and swelling or inflammation on the face and nails. Health experts note that the severity of hypothyroidism can be managed to some extent by moderating or altogether avoiding certain foods.

Foods to avoid
1. Processed foods
People with hypothyroidism should avoid ultra-processed foods, as they increase inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. This includes snacks such as potato chips, carbonated drinks, sweetened beverages, sugary breakfast cereals, and preservative-laden granola bars.
2. Gluten
Gluten is a protein commonly found in wheat, barley, triticale and rye. For those with celiac disease, consuming gluten triggers an autoimmune reaction that damages the digestive tract and interferes with nutrient absorption. This lack of proper nutrition can worsen hypothyroidism.
3. Goitrogens
Goitrogens are naturally occurring substances found in soy products and certain cruciferous vegetables, such as cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and kale. Some studies suggest that these can interfere with thyroid hormone production. Foods like cabbage, Russian kale, soy, Brussels sprouts and pearl millet contain goitrogens, although the levels are relatively low in broccoli.

Foods to include
On the other hand, several nutrient-rich foods are beneficial for people with hypothyroidism. These include:
Fruits: berries, apples, peaches, pears, grapes, citrus fruits, pineapples and plantains.
Vegetables: carrots, spinach, mushrooms, sweet potatoes and long beans.
Proteins: fish, clams, eggs, turkey and chicken.
Healthy fats: olive oil, avocado oil and coconut oil.
Dairy and grains: full-fat yoghurt, brown rice, quinoa, rolled oats and brown rice pasta.
Nuts and seeds: almonds, cashews, pumpkin seeds and peanut butter.