Testicular torsion: A silent risk that can strike even in sleep

Indian cricketer Tilak Verma was recently forced into emergency hospitalisation during the Vijay Hazare Trophy, after being hit by a sudden, intense lower abdominal pain. Scans revealed that Verma had testicular torsion, leading to emergency surgery. He is now recovering well. The case has brought attention to this medical condition, which can be unpredictable and, if not treated early, can rapidly escalate into a medical emergency.

What is testicular torsion?
Testicular torsion occurs when the testicle twists, cutting off blood flow through the spermatic cord, which contains nerves and blood vessels supplying the testicle. This blockage prevents oxygen and nutrients from reaching the testicle. If blood flow is not restored quickly, the testicular tissue can be damaged, and the testicle may cease to function.

Testicular torsion can occur during intense physical activity, following an injury or even during sleep. While it can affect males of any age, it is most commonly seen in boys aged 12 to 18.

Treatment
Testicular torsion should be regarded as a medical emergency. The longer the treatment is delayed, the higher the risk that the testicle will lose its function. If torsion is identified within 4 to 6 hours, the testicle can be saved. Primary treatments for this include surgical intervention such as detorsion and orchiopexy. In rare cases, a doctor may attempt manual detorsion, but surgery is essential to secure the testicle and prevent future torsion.

If blood flow is blocked for several hours, the testicular tissue can be damaged, potentially rendering the testicle nonfunctional and necessitating its removal. Immediate medical attention is therefore critical to preserve function and prevent long-term complications.