Tired of a cough that won't go away? Doctor addresses underlying causes

A cough that just won’t go away can be frustrating and exhausting. Many people try medications, including antibiotics, only to find little to no relief. They are quite common in the winter-to-summer transition period. Children get infected at school, while elders are also prone to it in closed AC offices and similar close-interaction spaces. Understanding the underlying causes of such annoying diseases can help you manage it more effectively.

Viral infections
The most common cause of common colds is a viral infection. Antibiotics, which target bacteria, are ineffective against viral infections. Influenza viruses, in particular, can lead to a prolonged cough.
Asthma and allergies
A cough may actually be the primary symptom of asthma, known as cough-variant asthma. Allergies to dust, smoke, pollen and other irritants can also trigger a persistent cough.

Post-nasal drip
People with sinus problems may experience nasal secretions flowing down the throat, which can cause coughing.
Acidity
Excess stomach acid can cause discomfort and may contribute to a persistent dry cough.
Air pollution
Breathing in smoke or dust-filled environments can irritate the lungs and make coughing worse.

Practical ways to ease coughing
Avoid self-medication
Do not take antibiotics without a doctor’s advice, as this can lead to antibiotic resistance.
Gargle with salt water
Helps relieve throat irritation and reduces coughing.
Hydration
Drink plenty of water to keep your throat and airways sufficiently moist and to avoid irritation. 

Wear a mask
Protects your lungs from dust and airborne viruses.
For acidity
Individuals with acid reflux should avoid eating right before bedtime. Leave a 2–3 hour gap between your last meal and sleep.
Medical attention
Consult a doctor if your cough lasts more than two weeks, or if you experience shortness of breath, chest pain, or blood in your phlegm.
(The author is a Professor of the Pulmonology Department at Government Medical College, Kollam)