COPD: The overlooked lung disease more serious than asthma

Whenever we think of difficulty in breathing, the first image that comes to mind is often the dramatic scenes shown in movies, where characters use inhalers and are labelled as asthma patients. But Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, commonly called COPD, is very different. It is a condition in which a person experiences continuous difficulty in breathing, severely affecting their quality of life. COPD is far more serious than asthma, which typically appears only during a trigger.

When does COPD occur
COPD occurs when the airways in the lungs become narrower, making even normal breathing difficult. The disease is commonly seen in people who have been smoking for many years and in those who work in environments with constant exposure to dust or smoke.

However, many people casually dismiss their breathing difficulties as a natural consequence of ageing. The major symptoms of COPD include persistent cough, excess phlegm, breathlessness and fatigue. If these continuous symptoms are ignored and timely treatment is not sought, the disease can progress, making breathing even more challenging and complications more severe.

COPD tests
One of the key tests used to assess COPD is spirometry. It is a simple lung function test that measures how much air flows in and out of the lungs and helps identify the degree of airway obstruction inside the lungs. This examination also helps assess treatment progress, while in some cases an X-ray or CT scan may be required.

COPD treatment
As we already said, COPD is seen mostly among smokers, and therefore, the first step of treating it is to quit smoking. Those who quit often notice a sharp reduction in COPD symptoms. Using inhaler medications as prescribed by doctors helps prevent infections and reduce breathing difficulties. Doctors may also recommend specific exercises to strengthen the lung muscles and improve the smooth flow of air in and out of the lungs.

In addition, the treatment plan includes physical exercises, a nutritious diet, and awareness, all of which help patients return to their normal lives.

In cases of severe breathing difficulty, a spacer can be used with an inhaler or chamber. This ensures effective absorption of the inhaled medicine into the lungs. Some patients may also require vaccines to prevent infections. Lung rehabilitation therapy further helps restore lung function.

Can COPD be cured?
Although COPD cannot be completely cured, its symptoms should never be ignored. If you experience persistent coughing or breathing issues, consult a doctor immediately and undergo the necessary tests. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, lung health can be maintained.

Always keep a safe distance from smokers and ensure proper ventilation in the kitchen. People who work in dusty environments or travel frequently should wear a mask. Good lung health can be preserved through adequate sleep, a healthy diet, and regular exercise.
(The author is Clinical Professor, Respiratory Medicine, Amrita Hospital, Kochi.)