How to prevent glaucoma if you are above 40? Doctor explains

Glaucoma is globally the second leading cause of blindness, and it's one of those diseases whose risk increases with age. Interestingly, 'glaucoma' is an umbrella term, under which many diseases from POAG (Primary open-angle glaucoma) to ICE (Irido Corneal Endothelial Syndrome) are categorised. The World Glaucoma Week is observed from March 8 to 14, to encourage regular eye checks and raise awareness. Dr V Geethu, Phaco and Glaucoma Surgeon, Trinity Eye Hospital, Thrissur, explains more about the disease. 

What is glaucoma?
Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve, which carries visual information from the eye to the brain. The damage is often linked to high pressure inside the eye when a fluid called aqueous humour doesn’t drain well. However, in some people, the optic nerves are affected even if the pressure remains stable. This condition is generally called normal tension glaucoma or ocular hypertension glaucoma. Proper diagnoses and treatment are essential for both these conditions.

Symptoms of glaucoma
Glaucoma doesn’t show any obvious symptoms. However, headaches, eye pain and redness in the eyes could be seen in rare cases.

Prevention and treatment
People over 40 should have eye tests at least once a year, including eye pressure checks. Eye drops are often prescribed for patients with glaucoma. In some cases, LASER treatment and surgeries are done. Glaucoma patients have to use eye drops for the rest of their lives. Surgeries and other treatments are recommended when eye drops are not effective. 

Reasons for glaucoma
Genetics could be a factor in some patients. Besides, medicines taken for other diseases and eye injuries caused during accidents, too, may lead to glaucoma.