Monsoon from May 26: Rains too can increase snake sightings; precautions

The harsh Kerala summer heat has eased, and monsoon showers have set in. But just as snakes seek shelter during extreme heat, they may also turn up in homes during the rainy season in search of safer habitats. When it rains, water floods the usual habitats of snakes, such as burrows, rocky crevices, and thick undergrowth, forcing them to move in search of dry, secure places. As rats, frogs, and other prey move closer to human habitations during the rains, snakes are drawn towards them in pursuit of prey. 

The rapid growth of grass and shrubs during the monsoon makes it easier for snakes to hide and move around unnoticed. Waterlogged areas and waste dumps around houses further attract them. Species such as Indian rat snakes, cobras, and common kraits are among those most often spotted during the rainy season.

How to stay safe
To prevent snakes from straying into residential areas, people are advised to keep the surroundings of their homes clean by clearing overgrown grass and bushes. Garbage heaps and old wooden logs should also be removed from residential premises. Those stepping outdoors at night should not forget to carry a torch, while gaps beneath doors and cracks in walls must be sealed. Reducing rat infestation inside homes can also help keep snakes away.

Changes in the behaviour of pets and domestic animals may also serve as warning signs of a snake’s presence nearby. Barring a few species, such as vipers, snakes generally do not deliberately bite humans to waste venom. 

In most cases, snakebites occur when the reptile feels threatened, disturbed or injured. Even then, many bites turn out to be `dry bites', in which no venom is injected. More often than not, snakes prefer to warn and scare away intruders by hissing loudly rather than attacking. Many people are bitten after unknowingly stepping on a snake. Experts say snakes can sense vibrations through the ground and usually move away if people walk with firm footsteps outdoors.

Experts' tips on handling snakebite
∙ Remain calm and slowly move away from the snake.
∙ Leave the bitten area undisturbed 
∙ Remove footwear, belts, rings, watches, jewellery and tight clothing from the affected area.
∙ Do not allow the victim to panic or exert themselves.
∙ Do not attempt to harm or catch the snake. If threatened, it may bite in self-defence.

∙ Do not cut or inflict further injury on the wound, and avoid applying powders, herbs or medicines directly to the bite area.
∙ Do not make the victim lie face down, as this may interfere with breathing.
∙ Ensure that the victim does not panic or become overwhelmed by fear.
∙ There is no need to tightly tie the area above the bite to restrict blood flow. This can obstruct blood circulation to the affected area and may even lead to loss of function in the limb.
∙ Rush the victim to the nearest healthcare facility as quickly as possible for medical attention.