Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone. Meanwhile, hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, and nodules on the thyroid glands are some of the other thyroid-related diseases. Around 1 – 2 per cent of people around the world suffer from hypothyroidism. Four main reasons cause it:
1) When the thyroid glands don’t develop or function properly from birth
2) Surgical removal of the thyroid glands
3) Radioiodine or radiation therapy
4) Autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune thyroid disease, which is also known as Hashimoto’s disease, is mainly seen in women. Generally, it can be controlled by taking thyroxine tablets daily. Blood tests should be done every 3 – 6 months to monitor the thyroid levels and adjust the tablet dose. Thyroid hormone levels could be determined with a simple blood test. Thyroid-related diseases do not harm your chances of getting pregnant, studying, working, or leading an everyday life. Some people wonder whether thyroid patients can indulge in sports activities. They can enjoy any physical activity by taking the tablet in the correct dose.

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Those who take thyroxine tablets and use iodised salt need not follow any specific diet. So, diagnosing the disease is the key step, as treatment is cheaper and easier. With proper treatment, thyroid patients can lead a healthy and normal life.
Information courtesy: Dr. RV Jayakumar, former president of the Indian Thyroid Society and vice president of the Asia–Oceanic Thyroid Association.    

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