Achilles tendon or heel pain: Causes, symptoms and treatment

Walking is an incredible exercise that plays a pivotal role in ensuring health and well-being. However, heel pain is something that deters you from walking regularly. What are the reasons behind the pain?

Plantar fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. Plantar fascia is a thick band of tissue running across the bottom of your foot, connecting your heel bone to your toes. The condition happens when this tissue becomes inflamed, irritated or strained. Sharp, stabbing pain in the heel, especially when you first step out of bed in the morning, is the most prominent symptom. Runners, those who stand for long hours, wear shoes without proper arch support, and individuals with flat feet or very high arches may be at risk for plantar fasciitis. Wearing shoes of the correct size, performing stretching exercises for the heels, using orthotic heel pads, and getting proper rest are some ways to alleviate pain.

Achilles tendonitis
Achilles tendonitis is a condition where the Achilles tendon – the strong band of tissue that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone (calcaneus) – becomes inflamed or irritated. You may feel this pain when you run without a proper warm-up or during intensive gym workouts. Rest, stretching exercises, and ice packs can help provide pain relief. Neglecting this pain or reluctance to seek medical attention may lead to worsening the symptoms.

Heel bursitis
Bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion and reduce friction between bones, tendons and muscles. Heel bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa in the heel area, usually near the Achilles tendon. Walking excessively on harsh surfaces and wearing poorly quality shoes may cause heel bursitis. Anti-inflammatory medications, rest, footwear that correctly supports the heels, and therapy are some of the ways to treat heel bursitis.

Haglund’s deformity
Wearing high-heeled footwear that puts excessive pressure on the heels is one of the primary causes of Haglund’s deformity. Besides severe pain, it could also cause inflammation. Heel lift exercises, wearing soft-soled shoes, and stretching exercises can help relieve pain. Wearing comfortable footwear, such as sneakers, can also be helpful.

Sever’s disease
Sever’s disease is the most common cause of heel pain in children, especially after indulging in active sports, running or jumping. Children may complain about heel pain immediately after returning from playing. Proper rest and stretching of calf muscles could provide relief from this pain. Heel pain can also be caused by stress fractures, Tarsal Tunnel syndrome, which affects the nervous system, and arthritis.