Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex, (L) and US fiancee of Britain's prince Harry Meghan Markle arrive at the High Altar for their wedding ceremony in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, in Windsor, on May 19, 2018. AFPWindsor/London: Britian's prince Harry and US actress Meghan Markle sealed their marriage with a kiss after a dazzling ceremony before a global audience of millions in a medieval chapel packed with royalty and celebrities.
Harry and Meghan were pronounced husband and wife by the Archbishop of Canterbury in a union that brought a measure of modern Hollywood glamour into the 1,000-year-old monarchy.
The star of the TV drama "Suits" walked unescorted in a pure white, long-sleeved dress to the middle of the 15th-century St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, where the heir to the throne, prince Charles, accompanied her towards his son, waiting at the altar.
After exchanging vows to love and to cherish "till death us do part", Harry, 33, sixth-in-line to the British throne, placed a ring of Welsh gold on Markle's finger before a congregation including queen Elizabeth, senior royals, and celebrities including US media mogul Oprah Winfrey.
"In the presence of God, and before this congregation, Harry and Meghan have given their consent and made their marriage vows to each other," Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby intoned.
"They have declared their marriage by the joining of hands and by the giving and receiving of rings. I therefore proclaim that they are husband and wife."
The marriage brings Markle, three years older than Harry and born and raised in Los Angeles, into one of the world's grandest royal families, known as "the Firm".
While the ceremony incorporated the traditions of a monarchy that traces its history back to 1066, Markle brought a sense of modernity.
She did not vow to obey her husband; Harry, unlike other senior male royals, will wear a wedding ring; Markle's father was unable to attend due to reported heart surgery; and a black US Episcopalian bishop, Michael Bruce Curry, gave an impassioned wedding address on the "feeling-bomb" of love, quoting black US civil rights leader Martin Luther King.
"When love is the way, we actually treat each other like we are actually family," he said.
Page boys John and Brian Mulroney accompany US actress Meghan Markle as she arrives in a car for the wedding ceremony to marry Britain's Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, in Windsor, on May 19, 2018. AFPTens of thousands of fans lined the route Markle took towards the castle, waving British flags and cheering as her Rolls-Royce limousine drove past.
Air traffic controllers for the nearby Heathrow Airport, one of the world's busiest, closed the airspace over Windsor for the 15 minutes before the ceremony.
Hours before, queen Elizabeth had bestowed the title of Duke of Sussex on her grandson, a step that meant the actress, star of the TV drama "Suits", became a duchess when she married Harry.
Sunshine and bearskins
Under clear skies and glorious sunshine, a military band in scarlet uniforms and bearskin hats entertained excited fans gathered behind barriers. Police armed with semi-automatic rifles patrolling streets and watching from rooftops.
Among celebrity guests, American actor George Clooney and his wife Amal were joined by former soccer star David Beckham, his fashion designer wife Victoria and James Corden, British host of the American TV chat show "The Late Late Show".
Other guests included tennis ace Serena Williams, the siblings of Harry's late mother princess Diana, singer Elton John, who sang at Diana's 1997 funeral, British actor Idris Elba, and two of Harry's ex-girlfriends.
The chapel was adorned with white roses, Diana's favourite flowers.
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Prince Harry and his wife Meghan wave as they ride a horse-drawn carriage after their wedding ceremony at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor on May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Prince Harry and his wife Meghan Markle ride a horse-drawn carriage, after their wedding ceremony at St George's Chapel in Windsor on May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Meghan reacts as she rides in a carriage with her husband prince Harry after their wedding ceremony at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor on May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Prince Harry and his wife Meghan ride a horse-drawn carriage after their wedding ceremony at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor on May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Prince Harry and his wife Meghan ride a horse-drawn carriage after their wedding ceremony at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor on May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Prince Harry and Meghan Markle kiss on the steps of St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle after their wedding in Windsor, May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Prince Harry looks at his bride, Meghan Markle, as she arrives accompanied by the prince of Wales in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle for their wedding, May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Britain's prince Harry and Meghan Markle stand facing each other hand-in-hand before Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby (C) during their wedding ceremony in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on May 19, 2018. AFP
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Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex, places the wedding ring on the finger of Meghan Markle during their wedding ceremony in St George's Chapel. AFP
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Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex, (L) and Meghan Markle arrive at the High Altar for their wedding ceremony in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on May 19, 2018. AFP
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Meghan Markle arrives at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle for her wedding to prince Harry in Windsor, Britain, May 19, 2018. Reuters
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US actress Meghan Markle arrives for the wedding ceremony to marry Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex, at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. Reuters
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Queen Eliizabeth II arrives at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle for the wedding of Meghan Markle and prince Harry in Windsor, Britain, May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Britain's Catherine, duchess of Cambridge (C) walks up the west steps with prince George (L) and bridesmaids for the wedding ceremony of Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex and US actress Meghan Markle at St George's Chapel. AFP
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Meghan Markle arrives for her wedding to Britain’s prince Harry at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Windsor. Reuters
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St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle for the wedding of prince Harry and Meghan Markle in Windsor, Britain, May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex, arrives with his best man prince William, duke of Cambridge, at St George's Chapel in Windsor, May 19, 2018. Reuters
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US actress Abigail Spencer and Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra arrive for the wedding ceremony at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. AFP
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Amal Clooney and George Clooney arrive at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle for the wedding of Meghan Markle and prince Harry on May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Pippa Middleton and James Middleton arrive for the wedding ceremony of Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex and US actress Meghan Markle at St George's Chapel. AFP
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Former England footballer David Beckham arrives for the wedding ceremony of Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex and US actress Meghan Markle at St George's Chapel. AFP
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David and Victoria Beckham arrive to the wedding of Britain's prince Harry to Meghan Markle in Windsor on May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Actor Idris Elba (2nd left) arrives with his fiancee Sabrina Dhowre, followed by US presenter Oprah Winfrey for the wedding ceremony of Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex and US actress Meghan Markle at St George's Chapel in Windsor, on May 19, 2018. AFP
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British singer James Blunt (centre) and Sofia Wellesley arrive for the wedding ceremony of Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex and US actress Meghan Markle at St George's Chapel, in Windsor, on May 19, 2018. AFP
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Oprah Winfrey arrives at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle for the wedding of Meghan Markle and prince Harry in Windsor. Reuters
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Flowers and foliage adorn the West door and steps of St George's Chapel for the wedding ceremony of Britain's prince Harry and US actress Meghan Markle at Windsor Castle on May 19, 2018. AFP
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Flowers and foliage surround the High Altar of St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle for the wedding of prince Harry to Meghan Markle, May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Flowers adorn the front of the organ loft inside St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle for the wedding of prince Harry to Meghan Markle. Reuters
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Fans of the royal family camp outside Windsor Castle prior to the wedding of prince Harry and Meghan Markle in Windsor, Britain May 18, 2018. Reuters
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Commemorative items are seen for sale ahead of the wedding of Britain's prince Harry and his fiancee Meghan Markle, on Oxford Street in London, Britain. Reuters
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Union Flag bunting adorns the street in front of Windsor Castle, ahead of the wedding between Britain’s prince Harry and Meghan Markle, in Windsor, Britain. Reuters
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Royal fans gather ahead of wedding of Britain's prince Harry to Meghan Markle in Windsor, Britain, May 19, 2018. Reuters
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Britain's prince Harry and his fiancee Meghan Markle watch a performance by a Welsh choir in the banqueting hall during a visit to Cardiff Castle in Cardiff, Britain. Reuters
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"This is a moment when we can all celebrate the rebirth of the royal family," said Kenny McKinlay, 60, who had come down from Scotland for the wedding. "It's a time when all the nation can come together rather than being divided. It's a day when you can be proud to be British."
The royal couple, who met on a blind date in 2016 and fell in love in a tent under the stars in Botswana, tied the knot in a castle that has been home to 39 English monarchs since 1066.
Tens of thousands of fans crammed the narrow roads of Windsor, about 20 miles (30 km) west of London. Visitors had to pass through police search points set up around the castle.
To some Britons, the wedding of a senior member of the royal family to a divorcee whose mother is African-American and father is white embodied a modern Britain where race or background are no bar to even the most elite and traditional of institutions.
To others, it was an irrelevance or mild distraction from the schism of Brexit, which has deeply divided the United Kingdom; polls suggest that most Britons will not bother tuning in.
Father not present
Markle's own father Thomas Markle, 73, a former lighting director for TV soaps and sitcoms, pulled out of the ceremony this week, telling the US celebrity website TMZ he had had heart surgery on Wednesday.
Confusion over his attendance marred the build-up to the wedding, which had been choreographed for months by royal aides, and his name still appears in the order of service.
The service was conducted by the Dean of Windsor with Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury and spiritual head of the Anglican Church, overseeing the exchange of vows.
A black US Episcopalian bishop, Michael Bruce Curry, gave the wedding address, while Lady Jane Fellowes, Diana's sister, delivered the reading.
Britain's prince Harry, duke of Sussex, kisses his wife Meghan, duchess of Sussex as they leave from the West Door of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on May 19, 2018 after their wedding ceremony. AFPPrime Minister Theresa May, who along with other politicians was not invited to the wedding, sent good wishes to the couple, adding: "To all of those joining the national celebration with street parties and other events, have a wonderful day."
In among traditional hymns, a choir performed American soul singer Ben E. King's 1960s hit "Stand by me".
After the ceremony, the newlyweds are expected to greet some of the 1,200 members of the public invited into the castle grounds before starting a carriage procession through Windsor.
A reception will be held in the castle's St George's Hall before 200 guests join the couple at an evening event at the nearby Frogmore House mansion.
Harry and Meghan will carry out their first official engagement as husband and wife next week.
The British remain broadly supportive of the monarchy, albeit with a sense of mild irony about the pomp and pageantry that accompanies it, though most have deep respect for queen Elizabeth after her 66 years of service as head of state.
Harry, along with brother William and his wife Kate, are at the forefront of efforts to modernise the monarchy by talking openly about their feelings.
"It is patently obvious - the more you say, the more you can be examined," said royal historian Hugo Vickers. "Everything moves on gradually - but there are certain risks, and there is a lot to be said for maintaining the mystique."
